Analytical Response to Barbara Kingsolver’s “Stone Soup”...

Farris Qunibi WRC 1013 Riske October 4, 2008 Analytical Response to Barbara Kingsolver’s â€Å"Stone Soup† Barbara Kingsolver’s â€Å"Stone Soup† is a personal response to society’s view of the â€Å"broken† family. Kingsolver believes that society has for too long criticized divorce, remarriage, single parenthood, gay parents, and blended families, and that alternative families deserve equal standing in our society. In response to reading Kingsolver’s essay, this paper will serve to show which parts of â€Å"Stone Soup† are supported by outside evidence and which are not. â€Å"Stone Soup† is a personal reaction by Barbara Kingsolver that expresses the author’s feelings in response to society’s negative view and it’s holding of contempt of divorced,†¦show more content†¦For example, Kingsolver defends the notion that families of nontraditional arrangements do not need to be examined, ridiculed or treated differently with pity or tolera nce as traditionally married families when she says, â€Å"Arguing about whether nontraditional families deserve pity or tolerance is a little like the medieval debate about left-handedness as a mark of the devil† (Kingsolver 16). By this statement, the author clearly expresses her belief that nontraditional families are just as successful in their roles as traditional or married families, though evidence gathered has rejected Kingsolver’s argument. In an article by Naomi Gerstel and Natalia Sarkisian, the authors present the benefits of marriage as opposed to divorced or single parenthood families. Naomi Gerstel writes that, â€Å"advocates [of marriage] such as David Popenoe and Linda Waite assert that marriage is good for one’s pocketbook, health, happiness, sex life, and kids. Both men and women who are married tend to have higher incomes, more wealth, better health, and more property than those who are not.† The article goes on to describe the negati ve impacts of divorce and nontraditional families by introducing National Census statistics of relationships between married parents and their children compared with

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Free Essays

Oil and gas production, drilling, and trading is a big issue in the United States. Currently, much of the oil we use comes from foreign sources. Many argue that we should reduce foreign oil dependency by reducing our consumption and by drilling for oil right here in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Arctic National Wildlife Refuge or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. For approximately forty years, a debate has been brewing about oil exploration and drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is 19,000,000 acres of land in northern Alaska, a U. S. state. It is the largest protected wilderness in the United States and was created by Congress under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) of 1980†³ (Wikipedia Foundation, Inc) More specifically, within the ANWR, a 1,500,000 acre area located between the Beaufort Sea(northern border), Brooks Range (southern border), and the Prudhoe Bay (western border) is the center of controversy. This area is commonly referred to as section 1002 because when the ANILCA was created, in section 1002 of the document, the decision of how to manage oil and gas exploration and development for this area was tabled. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. ) There are various opinions with points for and against oil drilling in the ANWR’s section 1002. At this point, I am against it. I recently read a quote by U. S. , President, Barak Obama in Wikipedia. It states, â€Å"In a League of Conservation Voters questionnaire, Obama said, â€Å"I strongly reject drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge because it would irreversibly damage a protected national wildlife refuge without creating sufficient oil supplies to meaningfully affect the global market price or have a discernible impact on US energy security. † (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc) I have to say, I agree with President Obama 100%. This area is true wilderness. According to the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, it is the most diverse ecosystem in northern Alaska. It is home to many Native Indian tribes, a large population of porcupine caribou, some large whales, and other smaller animals not popular elsewhere. Not to mention, it is on the coastal line of Alaska, which opens it up huge varieties of marine life and migrating birds from all over. Many people don’t realize that oil drilling is big business. It will not only require oil drilling equipment and stations, but there will be roads, airports, housing, shopping, etc. This means much of the land will forever be affected. Many animal habitats and natural migratory and breeding patterns may be disrupted. The air and water will be polluted from vehicle traffic, the oil drilling itself, and many other human behaviors. Human waste will need to be dealt with. You name it, it will be a problem. Another concern is the potential for accidental pollution. As a matter of fact, in 1989, there was a bill on the table and it looked like it might make it through the Senate, to allow the drilling, when the infamous Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska. It was the largest spill of its kind where 260,000 to 750,000 barrels of crude oil spilled out of the tanker and into the surrounding waters, killing and injuring countless wildlife and destroying their habitats. (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc) Lastly, experts are not even sure how much oil is even there. A U. S. Geological Survey published in 1998 stated there was between 5. 7 billion barrels to 16 billion barrels of recoverable oil and natural gas liquids the ANWR’s coastal plain area. As compared to an estimated 120 billion in the rest of the U. S. It is estimated that drilling in area 1002 would amount to about 1% world oil production by the year 2030. (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc) This would create such a small impact on the products and services generated at the end user level. In other words, the rich oil investors will get richer and people like me will be no better off. The benefits do not outweigh the risks. I say not to drilling in the ANWR! Works Cited Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Arctic Refuge drilling controversy. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Ed. 7 September 2012. Web. en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arctic_Refuge_drilling_controversy. 30 September 2012. How to cite Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Essay examples

A Brief Look at Four Areas of the Sound and Music Industry free essay sample

Sound and Music Industry Features of four areas of the music industry and their functions: Music Publishers: In the music Industry a music publisher or company Is an entity that develops, protects and values music. Music publishers are responsible for the development of new music as well as taking care of the business side allowing songwriters and composers to concentrate on their creative work.The artist and the publisher share a symbiosis relationship because most artist or starting up composers do not comprehend how copyright laws and royalties work so music publishers act on leaf of artist to collect royalties and administer any copyrights the artist might own when their compositions are used commercially. Royalties: When an artists song or composition is played on the radio or used in any other means of broadcasting communication the artist is entitled to royalties.The publisher does this by obtaining ownership and administrative rights to some or all of the artists copyrights through deals and contracts (publishing contract). We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief Look at Four Areas of the Sound and Music Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The artists strength generally Ill In the creative domain (composing and song writing), and the publishers specializes Is administrating the artists catalogue, not only electing royalty monies (except performing royalties) but also plugging and promoting their songs or compositions (TV, Movies or other forms of broadcasting) and making copyright deals and paying the artist royalties from all sources of income.Publishers will spend a great deal of time trying to exploit and sell the artists work. They will approach advertisement companies and television producers to try and include their songs. Usually movies and TV shows will try and find songs that sound similar to very popular hits. The publisher will then look through its catalogue and mind a song that is suitable either resembling a hit or appropriate for the mood of the movie or TV show. Music publishers will vary depending on the size of the company and resources.For example a small individual publisher will mainly take care of royalty monies and copyrights but will do no more. A bigger music publisher that might be affiliated to a record company such as Sony or Warner Chapel will have enough resources to support the new talent while they develop their skills, this can either come as a form of financial support for living expenses. This Includes paying the artists hem with facilities and equipment to produce their music.An independent music publisher will analyses the genre of music the new talent offers and will orient the artists writing through guidance and advice towards a specific market be it bubble gum pop or melodic death metal. Independent publishers such as Wipe Out Music work a lot closer with artists and will usually have more song writers and producers in their ranks than other publishers. Upcoming artist may sometimes prefer big household publishers b ecause of the financial support they might receive but I think in independent publishers are better as they eave a wider creative scope with out forgetting the business essentials. Once the artist signs a deal with the music publisher, the publisher will then register the song (lyrics, composition) in all the appropriate collecting societies such as the PROS (Performing Rights Society), PL (Phonographic Performance Limited) or the AMPS Mechanical-copyright Protection Society). Rhea PROS will not only collect royalties for the artist but also ensure that the music is treated properly and not used in inappropriate material such as background music in a pornographic low budget film. He AMPS refers to mechanical royalties which the artist is entitled if his song is included in a commercially released album e. . A dance compilation album. In order to receive royalties for mechanical rights the song must be licensed. The licensing process is also done by the publishers; they inform the record labels about the artists song and all relevant information. Then a license is issued from the publisher to the record label for a particular song. Now that the song has been cleared the record label can produce the dance compilation album and pay the artist royalties. If the royalties go towards a band then the money is split equally amongst members although in many cases the songwriter will have a major percentage.Another priority for the artist after royalties for his work is copyrights. Usually a publisher and an artist will register their work to obtain copyrights (USA). In the I-J there is no official form that registers your work for copyrights. Instead all original music is protected by copyright from the time it is recorded or written down in some format. However it is important to be able to prove that you are the sole owner of you Nor. This can be achieved by storing a copy of your work with a solicitor or by uploading parts of songs or ideas to servers such as you tube thus showing evolution In your work.As a publisher you will be at the edge of new music. As in you have the chance listen to an artists music before its release to record labels or radio. A disadvantage of being a publisher is that you can never guarantee success for you artists. You can Invest a lot of time polishing their skills and helping them create music but you may Record companies: Record companies are huge corporations that own a variety of record labels. For the cost part, these companies are located in London, New York or Los Angels. These corporations usually consist of a parent company that owns more than one record label.For example, Warner Brothers Records owns Reprise Records and Maverick Records. BMW owns Arises Records, RCA and J Records. In todays economy, most large record companies are actually huge conglomerates that own a variety of subsidiary record labels. Often, the subsidiary labels are each mint-companies operating under the control of a larger corporation. A typical record company has a CEO (chief executive officer) at the top; he is in charge f the business of the whole company. Also, each affiliated label also has its own president. Under the president of the individual label, there are vice presidents in charge of different departments. Here are a couple of the departments found in a record label: The AR (artists and repertoire) AR is in charge of discovering new talent. People work very hands-on with the artists that they sign. They do everything from assisting with song selection to choosing the people that will produce the album to deciding where the album will be recorded. The people in this department work as the link between the recording artist and all the other apartments of the record company.Art Department This department is in charge of all the artwork that goes along with producing an album. This includes CD cover art, advertisements and displays at music stores. Artist Development This department is responsible for planning the careers of the artists who are signed to the record label. It promotes and publicizes the artists over the course of their career. According to Music Biz Academy, many labels no longer have artist development departments. As record labels have come to see artists as products in recent years, some artist development departments have been renamed Product Development. Many insist that this is because the emphasis in the current music business is to promote artists very heavily in the beginning of their career, as opposed to long-term planning. Business Affairs This department deals with the business side of things. It takes care of bookkeeping, payroll and general finances. Legal Department This department is responsible for all the contracts that are made between the company and the artist, as well as contracts between the record and the company go through this department.Marketing Department This department creates the overall marketing plan for every album that the record company will release. It helps coordinate the plans of the promotion, sales and publicity departments. Promotion Department (Plugging) This departments main purpose is to make sure that an artist is being played on the radio. It must get an artists new songs on the radio in order to ensure the future success of the record company. This department makes sure that all the other departments are communicating about the best way to sell the artist to the public.The promotion department may also try to get videos played on dedicated music channels like MET or 4 Music. Publicity This group is responsible for getting the word out about a new or established artist. It arranges for articles to be written in newspapers and magazines. They also deal with radio and television coverage of an artist. Many artists also have their own independent publicists who help coordinate publicity with this department as well. Sales This department oversees the retail aspect of the record business. It works Ninth the record store chains and other music stores to get new albums onto retailers shelves.The sales department often coordinates these efforts with the promotion and publicity departments. A record company will provide the newly signed band with a budget which is used for studio musicians, studio engineers and studio time. The A executive then coordinates a time for the band to begin recording the album. (In the past, record labels had their own in-house recording studios, but today most record labels use independent recording studios. ) More budget is allocated for advertising, art, publicity and promotion.As graphic artists, designers and copy;rites begin their work, the A department, as well as publicity, marketing and sales, decide on a release date for the album. The artist placement department plans the live performances, promotional tour, radio and appearances. The record company must make sure that there is promotion for the band on the national, regional and local level but this will depend on how much money the label is willing to spend. Live Performance Live performance is an important aspect of the music industry because it is the best publicity and means of income and artist can have.A well produced album can sell but if on stage the artist cannot perform as well as on the records (l personally regard them as studio artists) or at least half as good, the artists image and evilly then the artist might not be talented at all. Case in point, April Leaving, her first album features very melodic high pitched vocals but listening to her live performances her voice sounds nothing like the albums with a very low and limited local range. It is very clear that her vocal tracks were manipulated in the studio. Personally I would not purchase an album where too much vocal manipulation has taken place.Live performance is comprised from the work of different people: kinking agents Booking agents secure gigs and also work with the artist through there management. They establish contracts with promoters and send press releases t o print media, radio, T. V and to industry trades such as polestar, performance and billboard and work with record labels in order to arrange tours. Promoters Promoters purchase acts directly from booking agents and are also responsible for organizing gigs and live venues and also negotiate all the fees that need to be paid.They also send press releases to all the media and print out and organist posters and flyers for all the up and coming shows and distribute them in the surrounding area of where the show is taking place. They may work with stores and other public places in order to arrange gigs for places in public such as shopping centre. They may also provide food and drink for the artists themselves En on tour. Venue operators Venue operators provide space for live performances and provide security, merchandising space, box offices, stagehands, sons and lights and refreshment outlets to all of the gigs.They also provide publicity to the artist. There are many different venues that artists can perform many are dedicated music clubs, taverns, bars, coffee houses, festivals, fairs, concert halls, schools, churches, ND even record stores. Along with all these there are also the traditional club type gigs which are where most bands will start out. Artists who are Just starting up in the musical scene will find it hard to get there first show because many clubs require a demo or some form of recorded music.Venue managers might also require references from past gigs or some gigging experience. New bands will have to play for free in pubs or small venues usually as background music in order to get experience and references. Venue bookers will go around the local scene to see what acts are up and coming. Hey will also listen to new or underground material. Once the venue bookers have booked the band or artist they will then add them to a schedule (line up) and include them in their publicity for upcoming events which can include calendars, posters and flyers.The band is also involved in the promotional of their gig date; they will put bills posters themselves, feature dates on their website or in current gigs or simply During the first gigs of a band their will not be any sort of written agreement as its mostly a verbal arrangement with a pub manager or small club owner. This works est. as usually there are no earnings for the band, with time as the band gains experience and the venues grow bigger there will be need for written contracts as their will be a financial aspects that need to be clear as well as times, dates and what IS expected from the band (duration of set).Artist Management: Managing an artist or a bands career is a tricky process which you will consume most of your time. To be a manager you should know your way around the industry or at least have basic knowledge of business and law. The manager will be responsible for day to day duties keeping the artists career running smoothly and soliciting any rejects that may gain more money and exposure for the artist. Being a manager is a job like many where you get better with experience, going through many different situations and learning how to make the outcome of those events a positive one for Ho and your artists. He manager is not a booking agent, as many people think the manager is not responsible for getting an artist or band shows and tours. Now the manager is supposed to help in the negotiating and process of getting the tours and shows set up, but the manager is not responsible for booking. This Job is for the talent agent or coking agent or agency. Rhea pay of the manager depends on the salary of the artist as most managers payments go by percentage. The industry standard for a manager is 20% of the gross monthly income of the artist meaning for every OHIO the artist makes you take EYE of that.In some cases managers will receive a salary per gig. When paid by the gig the percentage the manager receives is usually around 15%. There are different types of managers. Professional managers make a living solely from artist management and often have many clients working professionally or affiliated with a major record label. Touring managers are hired by the artist or the personal manger to deal with the day to day management functions when on the road. This may include getting the band from gig to gig to collecting fees, booking hotels and flights. Unlike a personal manager they are usually paid a straight fee.There are also amateur managers. Amateur managers are usually freelance workers who tend to manage up and coming bands. Most amateur managers are looking to gain experience more than anything else. Their service rates are usually a lot cheaper in comparison with a professional manager and may sometimes be free. Amateur managers will in some Nay or another be involved in different areas of the music industry such as A manager is not like most normal Jobs, you do not have set work hours and you do not have set vacations. The working pattern can be very tedious stressful and require great deal of stamina and character.Maybe this is the where the manager stereotype (loud grumpy) comes from. Managers are important for the business because they take care of paperwork, keeping with commitments and other menial tasks thus allowing the artist to focus completely on music. Since managers and artists spend so much time together it comes as no surprise that with time they forge deep bonds. Roles in the Music Industry (artists and repertoire) Rhea A department of a record label are often regarded as the gatekeepers of the record company. A departments have a powerful reputation because they have the important Job of finding new musical talent.In major record labels there will be scouts, A managers, senior A managers and head of A department. A people dont Just sign bands to the record labels they also work very closely with the band throughout their entire musical career. Introit being noticed or discovered by AR people, there is almost no way for an artist to get signed by a major record label. In the past artists would send unsolicited demos (tapes that were not requested by the record company) to AR departments, and the executives would listen to the tapes and hope to find the next big thing. Over time, so many artists were sending demos that it became impossible for AR people to keep up. Because of this and other legal issues, labels, stopped listening to unsolicited material. It is so difficult for the average musicians demo tape to even make it to the desk of the powerful A executives. Scouts will listen to some tapes and CDC and will normally be the first people to approach the band. If the scouts feel they have found something interesting they will notify the A manager. The A manager will listen to the material and decide whether to go see the band play and offer them a deal. People are always showered with new material. They often barely have time to listen to the numerous demo tapes given to them by friends, agents, managers, attorneys and other reliable sources. With only a few people serving as the gatekeepers and thousands of aspiring bands and singers out there, it is difficult to reek into the record industry. Several A look at the demos given to them by trusted business sources. Other executives examine the music industry itself to see if there is a void in the market.They may seek out a certain type of artist that is doing a different kind of music than Nat is already in the stores. Making connections within the industry. You are always meeting new musicians and people are amongst the best paid in the industry. It is also important to remember that when A executives discover and promote a particular artist, they are putting their own name on the line. If the artist fails an A executives Job might be at stake. Something to keep in mind about this industry is that while a lot bands get rejected some still make it through the gates of AR.When an artist is discovered by a record company all of the departments of the record company (promotion, marketing, legal, etc ) will begin work in order to sell the new product to the masses. Record Producer Record producers will work very closely with the artists and help them create a new album or a promo CD. What record producers do does vary thought but there is general Job pattern. Producers are commissioned by a record companys A department to Join a band or artist in a studio and produce an album or single.Depending on creative flow and inspiration producing an album or single can take Knees to even months because as it sometimes happens, bands and producers may not be happy with the results and might decide to rerecord material. In most cases the record producer is also a competent arranger, composer or songwriter who can bring fresh ideas to the tracks. As well as making any song rutting and arrangement adjustments, the producer is also in charge of the creative mix. He will direct the sound engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording, whereas the producer keeps an eye on the overall projects marketability. Some sound engineers also produce. Producers coach the artist and encourage best performance; they act as a go- between, translating your needs into the technicians point of view and protect the artist and record labels interests like ensuring that the studio time paid for is used appropriately with no time wasting. Hiring a producer for your album project should be considered if there is a reasonable recording budget. The right producer knows the genre and is objective enough to offer constructive criticism.You need someone who will provide an honest opinion whilst offering viable solutions that you both feel comfortable with. An experienced producer (more expensive) can help shape the sounds that will make the band stand out, he may even help with contacts to help promote the bands music and advice on publishing, royalties and other aspects of the music industry. Today, having a successful producer on board can also guarantee some attention or success (Produced by Timberland) Timbe rland is the sort of producer that likes to collaborate with the artist as a creativeNil take complete control of the project leaving very little room for negotiation. Producers such as Phil are usually commissioned by the big labels without any input from the band. Rhea Fees that the producer charges the band varies in price depending on the producers experience or contacts. For instance, if the producer knows the artist and decides to do collaboration as well as producing a single. This might be cheaper because of friendship bonds. Ultimately the kind of producer that you will be able to afford depends on the budget that the A department has allocated.Before signing up the producer will listen to the band either live or through demos and decide whether the project is right for him. Sometimes producers will have partnerships with sound engineers which the producer has a preference of working with. Engine a record producer is a tempting Job position as you feel in control of the project as well as having creative input, a hand in every aspect of the production, decent wages, traveling and working closely with artists. The bad news is that it takes time before you can stand out from the other producers and you must make connections in order to succeed.Radio DC Radio Dos are some of the most influential people within the music industry this is because of their potential audience reaching the thousands (BBC Radio 1). If there is song the radio doesnt like it then it will not get much airplay but if the DC is keen on the song he can favor it over other tracks (more airplay instead of none) while trying to follow instructions from radio executives. A radio executive producer will work with the radio DC to compile a playbills with suitable music and featuring specific tracks :latest releases). The DC will then select which songs to play.There are no set routes or radio Dos, they can come from many different types of backgrounds including alarmists or office Jobs, more than likely the big radio Dos will have worked their way Jp from some other role within radio production such as assistant or even sound engineering. Most big Dos have started out in local radio. Successful Dos are able to fuse their personality with their work and sometimes becoming the face of a certain radio. Dos are big assets to radios because they attract specific audiences (appealing to different group ages).Commercial radio Dos get paid a lot of money because they are the talent that attract audience like TV presenters they are exposed to thousands of people who tune in. Engine a radio DC is a great Job, there is not much work involved, all that is required is n the industry. Depending on your success you may become wealthy and successful this opens the opportunity for other types of Jobs such as presenting live events or festivals. Radio Dos expose you to such a great audience that it makes you vulnerable to criticism and scrutiny. He Roadie Rhea road technician is an important role that is carried out by one or many people depending on the size and success of the band. Roadies are sometimes underrated; they are the people who do all the hard work they handle every part of the concert productions except actually performing the music with the musicians. They tour with the band in sleeper busses and are in most cases musicians themselves. Roadies are usually able to multicast between lighting, guitar technician and even sound engineering. Sides setting up for a concert they are always next to the stage ensuring that everything runs smoothly. They will Jump in to the stage at the sign of any technical problem such as a guitar lead coming loose or generally aiding the performer in Unachieved way possible such as getting them beverages or saving their life (When Gene Simmons of the band KISS attempted to blow fire for the first time on New fears Eve 1973, in New York City, he accidentally set his hair-sprayed hair into fierce flames, but was extinguished by a roadie with a wet towel. Engine a roadie means leading a hectic and stressful life when on the road. Roadies are the first to arrive at a musical venue (am) and will usually take hours setting up for a concert they will then be on standby waiting for the band to arrive. The band Nil sound check and the roadies will make adjustments as necessary. During the concert roadies must be by the stage in case anything happens. After the show they Nil spend several hours taking the stage down and packing everything up.By the time they are done they will sleep on the bus (am) on their way to their next destination and so the cycle repeats itself. Roadies will not earn much money; they are not credited for their work on the concert and are there usually Just out of passion for music. However they do form tight bonds with the band. David Glamour was a roadie for Pink Floyd before Nick Manson asked him if he would be interested in Joining the band as a guitarist.

The legalization of marijuana Essay Example For Students

The legalization of marijuana Essay The legalization of marijuana is a controversial issue that has been fought for and against for several decades. Marijuana is defined as a preparation made from the dried flower clusters and leaves of the cannabis plant, which is usually smoked or eaten to induce euphoria and to heal and soothe (dictionary.com). In the 1930s, the American media spread numerous false stories that marijuana was an extremely dangerous drug and therefore marijuana and hemp were effectively banned in 1938. It is apparent that the ban on marijuana in the United States is unnecessary due to the fact that the crime would be reduced, its results are proved to be better than those of prescribed drugs and taxes on other products would be reduced. 1. As we know there are many people in the world that sell and/or grow marijuana. We will write a custom essay on The legalization of marijuana specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Under the Drug Act this is illegal and fines and even prison time can occur. Why is it everyday professional athletes and other famous people in the media get away with murder but if anyone else has any amount of marijuana in their possession they get jail time? If marijuana was legalized it would decrease the crime rate and would eliminate many problems with adolescents. Alcohol, which is advertised on television and sold in supermarkets, is responsible for nearly 100,000 deaths annually, including those caused by drunk drivers. But the use of all illegal drugs combined cocaine, heroin, marijuana, angel dust, LSD, et cetera accounted for only 3,403 deaths in 1987 which is only 1 percent of those caused by alcohol. According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse, however, there are no deaths that can be unequivocally attributed to marijuana use. And unlike alcohol use, a frequent factor like child abuse, marijuana does not predispose its users to violence (War on Drugs 25). This quote proves that the use of marijuana doesnt directly cause deaths. Death may be caused while under the influence of marijuana however, it is also under the influence of another drug or alcohol. Today all marijuana is purchased illegally and the government has no control over the way it is used. If it were legalized the government could control the selling and growing of it, which in turn would rid of many of the problems we hear about on the news or read in the newspaper. Not only would it abolish the need for dealers, but it would also eliminate the need for concealment due to the fact that it would no longer be against the law to purchase it. With the government having control over the selling of weed it would also control who purchases marijuana, similar to the purchasing of tobacco. Parents could worry less about their teenagers purchasing marijuana under age as well as preventing teenagers from getting involved with dealers. Unlike cigarettes, alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, marijuana is not addictive (War on Drugs 25). Like cigarettes one is unable to purchase them until one is eighteen years of age; however, many teenagers still find ways of getting them on their own. This is the same for marijuana. If a teenager wants to purchase marijuana then they will find ways to get. People would no longer be arrested for carrying marijuana on them; therefore, decreasing the amount of drug trafficking in Canada. By eliminating the crime caused by marijuana selling and smoking, it could also decrease the amount of other crimes that are associated with the drug culture. With the governments control over the marijuana they could also put taxes on each bag. .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e , .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e .postImageUrl , .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e , .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e:hover , .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e:visited , .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e:active { border:0!important; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e:active , .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e04cfab012486229ac30c92b775176e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Multiple Choice Questions on Hiring and Managing Employees Essay We as tax payers are always looking for other ways to decrease the amount of taxes that we have to pay. This year alone the government has increased the price of tobacco as well as the amount of hydroelectricity we pay for our houses. If we look at how much money was consumed last year form the selling of illegal marijuana we can see that it would raise our countrys profits significantly. Each year almost 7 billion dollars is made through the exporting of marijuana. Since the government would be controlling the buying and selling of it, it could charge a hefty amount in taxes. For the pot-smoker that wouldnt necessarily be for the best, but for the other tax payers the tax on other products would reduce significantly. The taxes on such items like other prescribed and over- the-counter drugs would be reduced. Medical uses of marijuana for the relief of nausea in cancer and AIDS patients and the stimulation of appetite have been proven to have better affects than those of prescribed and over-the-counter drugs. The oil and fibers of the cannabis plant have many uses such as making rope, cloth, paper, and fuel. Aloe Vera is defined as the mucilaginous juice or gel obtained from the leaves of this plant, widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations for its soothing and healing properties (dictionary.com). Note that both Marijuana and Aloe Vera are used for medicinal use yet aloe vera is legal and marijuana isnt. Why is it? Many people oppose the legalization of marijuana as they consider it a drug, one that will open the doors to other harsher more serious drugs. Although this may be true only a person that abuses drugs will allow themselves to fall into a hole. Many people dont look at marijuana as a plant that has many healing powers but as a drug that causes damage. Legalization advocates deny that the amount of drug use would be affected. People believe that drug use would soar because of the availability. My best friend, Alana, and I have been smoking pot for several years now. Yet, she moved on to more drugs, she tried new things. She tried coke. I was very displeased with her choice but I stated my feelings to her about her using such a drug. I am not sure whether she is addicted to it but she knows that I dont like her doing it and knows that I am not going to lecture her on her using it anymore. For me, I am just fine with smoking marijuana, for her, on the other hand, she isnt satisfied. It is a common misconception that marijuana is a gateway drug and leads to other more harsher drugs. I know from personal experiences that it doesnt necessarily lead to more harsh drugs. Like I have mentioned previously, I have been smoking pot for a few years now and have had no desire whatsoever to try any other drug. As far as it being more readily available, yes it is; however, people would smoke more pot but it doesnt necessarily mean more people are going to smoke pot. It is apparent that the ban on marijuana in the United States is unnecessary due to the fact that the crime would be reduced, its results are proved to be better than those of prescribed drugs and taxes on other products would be reduced. The government and the rest of society havent looked at the benefits that marijuana has. Ignorant people only look at it as a dangerous drug. Medically, marijuana improves those who use it. As far as the government selling it, the crime rate would reduce and so would taxes. Marijuanas ban in the United States is strictly unnecessary. Works Cited Lexico Publishing Group, LLC. Dictionary.com. .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 , .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 .postImageUrl , .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 , .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027:hover , .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027:visited , .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027:active { border:0!important; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027:active , .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027 .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6247bff16fbc78378e4ac306b4b1e027:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Recommendation For Recycling Water in Florida Essay 2003. 21 Oct. 2003 http://dictionary.reference. com/ Jones, David. War on Drugs; Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc, 1990.

CEO and Novelist An Entrepreneurs Experience of Self-Publishing

CEO and Novelist An Entrepreneurs Experience of Self-Publishing CEO and Novelist: An Entrepreneur's Experience of the Self-Publishing Industry In 2004, Leonora Meriel founded and managed Ukraine’s largest Internet company. In 2008, after becoming  CEO of the company, Leonora decided to return to her dream of being a writer, and went on to self-publish  her first novel, â€Å"The Woman Behind the Waterfall†. In this guest post, she discusses how her entrepreneurial background inspired her to follow her dream, and what it means to take on the publishing industry.Ever since I can remember, I have wanted to be a writer. As a child, I wrote stories; as a teenager, I wrote rambling, barely comprehensible novels; as an adult, I studied English literature in two countries. The only thing I ever saw ahead of me was books, words, and more books.At the end of university, life suddenly appeared in a big, exciting way for me. I had the opportunity to live and work in New York City, and I immediately fell in love with the drive, and the world of action and success. I got swept away with the intense experience of living on another side of the world - and, in time, I forgot entirely about books and writing. A decade later, I found myself as CEO of a company, and 30 years old.I’ve always been an entrepreneurReedsy authors Mari Reiza, Leonora Meriel, and Amy Kitcher at a NovelLondon reading.Through Reedsy, I found the wonderful cover designer Anna Green, who had designed Murakami covers and Vintage Classics (as a Murakami fan this was beyond awesome to me). I found Nicola Lovick who provided  a structural assessment that helped me rework my novel and make it more commercial-friendly.  I found Andrew Lowe, who line-edited my novel and gave me hours and hours of invaluable advice. He started off our collaboration with the warning, â€Å"you can’t be friends with your editor†. However, since he recently attended my book launch party and is about to edit my second novel, I think we can now call it friendship.  Lastly, I found Anna Hogarty, who proofread my book.Through Reedsy, I have been able to set up my new writing business at the highest professional level, and know that I am learning from the top professionals in the world.I have made plenty of mistakes but that’s part of being an entrepreneur. It’s a part of the fun in doing something different, brave, and new - and gaining knowledge that has traditionally been kept tightly within the publishing industry has been just that. Making mistakes is  part of being an entrepreneur. It’s part of the fun in doing something new. From a two-time entrepreneur, to all the entrepreneurs of the indie publishing industry -   and especially Reedsy -   thank you!The Woman Behind the Waterfall is available on Amazon for Kindle, and in hardcover and paperback.How have your past experiences prepared you to publish a novel? Leave your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Leonora in the comments below.

How to Create Believable Characters in Short Stories

How to Create Believable Characters in Short Stories In the creation of a short story, one only has a very short window in which to convey the full range of a character. A short story is typically about five thousand words or less which is roughly about ten pages. Within those ten pages you need to be able show, not just the character but also the setting, plot, and the different scenarios leading up to the climax. How do you create a character in depth when you only have such a limited amount of words to do so with? By utilizing every single sentence you write to show things about the character. Don’t spend valuable words describing a character when you can show the character through dialogue and actions. Let’s say your heroine has long black hair. Saying that she has long black hair would describe her, but in a wasteful way since that statement does nothing but tell the reader that she has long black hair. Instead, why not show her impatiently pulling on her hair as the strands stubbornly coiled around her glistening arms like sinuous black snakes. With this second description, you’re not only telling the reader that she has long black hair but you’re also telling them that she’s in a hurry and is impatient with how her hair is sticking to her arms. Her arms are wet, could be raining or perhaps it’s sweat. The fact that strands of her hair are able to coil around her arms tells the reader that it’s pretty long. Long enough to tangle around her arms. Using black snakes as a symbolism not only tells the reader that she has blac k hair but also sets the stage for something suspenseful to happen. In a short story there’s only so many words to set the stage for climax so they need to be carefully chosen in order to convey multiple meanings. Make dialogue and attitude count for your character. Everything that’s said needs to show who and what the character is all about. Using a dialect can tell the reader where the character comes from. Create attitude for the character through how they talk. Use slang. If one is trying to show a nervous man, there’s no need to come straight out and say that he’s nervous and stammers a lot. Show it in his actions and the way he talks. Describe him looking down at his feet with hunched shoulders, trying to get a sentence out. Show him breaking up the words such as, â€Å"Sh†¦she, umm, she went over th†¦there, that way.† Have him push his glasses up on his nose with trembling fingers and tilt his head slightly to peer at the other person through his lens. These kinds of statements keep the story moving along while imparting a tremendous amount of information about this particular character. Immediately one starts to sympathize with this guy. The writer shows him either as a painfully nervous character or someone who is scared to death of something that’s happening or going to happen. It makes the reader want to keep going so they can find out exactly where the cause of his discomfort is coming from. Your goal as a short story writer is to create characters that are believable to the reader without them ever knowing that you’re telling them. Make it so that they feel as if they’re figuring it all out and picturing them in their minds. By doing so, you’ll carry the reader right along to the end of the tale.

Comparison Of Love Poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison Of Love Poems - Essay Example However, I would say that Ted Hughes had not succeeded in blotting out the unpleasant events. Overall, this poem examines their wedding day in retrospect, and I would say that this poem was a realization for everything that had happened that he probably never got to understand at that time. First off, he describes his plain outfit on his wedding day: â€Å"sole, drab, veteran RAF black†. This description of his clothes and the way he emphasized Sylvia’s outfit on this day (which was even made the title of the poem) seemed to show how contradicting their feelings were toward their own wedding. I cannot help but think that this poem shows that only one party was ecstatic at this event: only Sylvia. This is shown in the last two stanzas of the poem, which described the happiness that Ted Hughes saw in Sylvia Plath during their wedding. Clearly, he was aware of how much this wedding meant to his wife. This was evidently one of her happiest days despite the lack of a grand c elebration. However, for his part, the poet used strong words that suggest the feeling of being forced into getting married: exhausted, conscript, squeezed. Despite having a title that seems to convey sweetness and beauty, this poem for the most part, describes how their wedding was unlike any other wedding day. They did not really choose the location of their wedding, which would normally be one of the first considerations in wedding preparations. Next, they did not even have a wedding entourage, and they had to request the sexton, of all people, to be the ring-bearer. Finally, his family and friends did not even know that he was getting married. On the contrary, Sylvia Plath’s â€Å"Wreath for a Bridal† is a magical recollection of their wedding day. Written in the same year as her wedding, the poem conjures images of beauty and nature. Perhaps despite the lack of preparations, Sylvia was personally convinced that she had the most beautiful wedding

Listening the mp3 file Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Listening the mp3 file - Essay Example This formed the basis of civilization of the Indus Valley. 1500 BC marks the last known evidence of this cultural development. The regionalization era is a period in which regional differences can be recognized while the integration era unites all these differences. Uniformity was a very strong feature of the whole of the Indus Valley. Everything was same all across the Valley ranging from pottery to architecture. This indicates a highly centralized administration. The final stage of the Indus Valley civilization developed at a very inconsistent speed. The only evidence we have today to study the Indus Valley is the material evidence. Mohenjodaro and Harappa are two of the most well studied cities in the Indus Valley civilization, and are thus the most important. Food in the Indus Valley was largely produced from barley and wheat. Foods include chicken, fish, chickpeas, sesame, and grapes, juju and dates. Mud-bricks and fire-bricks were used in architecture. Use of mud-brick was gen eral while that of fire-brick was particular. Indus Valley civilization was very strong at water management. Large water-holding tanks can be seen in the settlements. The train systems are particular characteristics of their landscapes. Highly stylized figurines made in soft clay and beadwork is particular skills of the Indus Valley civilization. Soft stone, lattice and turquoise are important in terms of stone work. Markets existed and commerce took place at the entrance to big urban centers of the Indus Valley. The Indus Valley had unique weight standards. Metal, typically copper and bronze became very common in the later stages of the civilization. Very little is known about the religion of people of the Indus Valley civilization. Developments in regional locations started in 4000 BC which was when the regionalization era commenced. Of all the different cities, Mehrgarh was the center of technological advancement in the Indus

Deontology Definition Essay Example for Free

Deontology Definition Essay Whilst Deontology has its attractions it fails to provide a reliable foundation for moral decision making Examine and evaluate this claim (30) Deontology is based upon the actions of a person, not the consequences. The word deontology is derived from the Greek word deontos. It was developed by Immanuel Kant and it is an absolutist a priori theory, the phrase a priori means it is knowable through experience and absolutist means there are fixed rules that cannot be changed. This means Kant believed the duty of the moral law was unchangeable and through experience, if everyone followed these rules the world would be a better place. Immanuel Kant wrote Critique of Pure reason in this book he devised his deontological theory of duty. He believed it is the duty of one to follow the moral law and not judge situations with feelings, inclination, love and compassion. Kant also believed that all humans seek for summum bonum which is the state when all human virtue and happiness are united. To help people on their way to moral decision Immanuel Kant devised the categorical imperative, this is in contrast to the hypothetical imperative. The hypothetical imperative normally starts sentence with an if e.g. if you wish to complete a good essay you must spend time on it, where as a categorical imperative tells you that you should do something, e.g. you should brush your teeth in the morning. This then was devised into three different rules on how to live your life; The Universal Law, Treat Humans as Ends in Themselves and Act as if you live in a Kingdom of Ends. Kants second principle in the categorical imperative, So act that you treat humanity, both in your own person and in the person of every other human being, never merely as a means, but always at the same time as an end This shows that it could be an attractive theory as it has good intentions in mind. Like many theories, Deontology has its strengths and weaknesses. One of its main strengths is that it is an absolutist theory. This means it is either intrinsically good or bad, e.g. do not commit murder. This is a major strength as it makes an easy theory people to follow. This may attract people towards the theory as it shows guidelines to follow which some people may rely on to make their moral decision making. Another reason why it may attract people is because the rules are fixed so they do not have to question the rules whether they are right or wrong them just have to obey them keeping them in a comfortable position. This makes the theory practical in everyday use and people can depend upon the theory also there is no need to do any calculations. However there are many conflicting views to this strength. One of them is how people can become dependant on the theory. If they become to dependant upon the theory and it does not help them in a situation on moral decision making they may struggle to think of what to do next. WD Ross devised the notion of prima facie duties, this means first appearance. This is when we follow our duty unless there is an overriding obligation, e.g. telling a white lie to make someone feel good about them self. This goes against the principle of duty as you must not lie but you could argue that you will feel morally good about yourself if you make another person feel good. Therefore this does not help is moral decision making as you have conflicting duties. Strength to this theory is that justice is always the absolute. This means only intrinsically right actions are accounted for. This can be seen with Kants statement of good will. it is impossible to conceive of anything at all in the world, or even out of it, which can be taken as good without qualification, except good will. This shows that only good will is the only good we can achieve from the world. By justice being an absolute it means that you cannot justify immoral actions. This is attractive because it shows that by following this theory you will not act unmorally and you will be able to reach that summum bonum as you are fulfilled with good deeds. By not being able to do any intrinsically bad actions this will make people feel it is a reliable theory because if you follow these set rules you will not harm another person. Although it seeks justice, it does not seek the best interest of the majority, this means the minority may feel that justice has been done but on the other hand the majority may feel that justice has not been served. Personally I feel by pleasing the majority I will end up with a better outcome because there will greater happiness, this links in with Utilitarianism and the greatest pleasure over the greatest pain. Another reason why this theory has its flaws is the summum bonum. The summum bonum is the ultimate fulfilment but it can only be achieved by having an immortal soul as it cannot be achieved in the lifetime. This shows links with religion, even though Kant rejected theological arguments with the existence of God. This strikes a problem because not everyone believes in God so how could you follow the theory if you do not believe in his existence. Finally it is to legalistic because it assumes everyone is a law abiding person, people have different intentions so by assuming everyone has the intention of justice is wrong. To see whether is really does fail these reliabilities; we have to compare the strengths with the weaknesses. A weakness to the theory is that there are no limits to what can be universalised. This is because in one persons state of mind something may seem perfectly fine to another persons state of mind, e.g. a chronically depressed person. They may feel suicide is perfectly acceptable. This links in with the first law of the categorical imperative Do not act on any principle that cannot be universalised. This means moral laws should be taken into account into all situations. Again this is wrong because who is to say one right action is another persons right action, this makes it very unreliable with moral decision making. However if you take into account what the majority feel is wrong or right you could come to a conclusion on universal rules. This can be seen with rules such as do not commit murder as most people do not tolerate that and it is safe to say they do not agree with it. Finally another weakness is that Immanuel Kant starts to argue now is to be done but what ought to be done, this is known as the Naturalistic Fallacy. This is a weakness because it makes people feel as he is in control and he is telling what should and shouldnt be done. This is a weakness because Kant has different agreement on morals to another agreement, again he is assuming the masses will agree with this method making unreliable. By Kant saying what ought to be done he is showing what he feels is intrinsically good and that may vary from another. On the other hand by Kant saying he ought instead of is, it shows he is laying down ground rules and some people may like this as they will have rules to follow making it a attractive and reliable moral decision making theory.

Defining the Victorian Woman Essay -- Expository Definition Essays

Defining the Victorian Woman      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Victorian Age, there existed a certain ideology of what constituted the perfect Victorian woman. In the beginning of the eighteenth century, young girls began attending schools that offered basic skills such as reading, writing, and math. Manuals of etiquette and conduct instructed young girls in manners of society and the home (Basch 3). All of this prepared a young woman for marriage, which, in the nineteenth century, was "put forward as being the culminating point of a woman's life" (Basch 16). Thus, the perfect woman was also the perfect wife, an active part of the family, with specific regard to the children (Vicinus ix). Yet, although the perfect woman was a married woman, not all marriages were perfect. Victorian society set strict standards for the roles of women, specifically middle class women, as wives and mothers. Women often did not benefit from being married in many respects, such as their personal rights. In addition, the census of 1850 "revealed a significant imbalance between the sexes," creating a surplus of single women (Lerner 176). Many of these single women joined the ranks of spinsters and old maids due to this imbalance in the population. However, society did not give unmarried women the same roles as married women. Society challenged these women because it believed that a woman without a husband was worthless. Society did not respect the position of these unmarried women, often making them outcasts. Yet, there esd a small sect of unmarried women that did not allow society's rules to interfere with their idea of what life should be like. Th... ... or said. Instead, old maids flung themselves at life, unattached and uninhibited, in the best possible way so as to get as much out of it as possible. Supported historically by the likes of great Victorian female authors, these old maids laughed at life, and themselves, showing the perfect Victorian wives there could be more to life than fitting society's mold. Works Cited    Auerbach, Nina. Woman and the Demon: The Life of a Victorian Myth. London: Harvard UP, 1982.    Basch, Francoise. Relative Creatures: Victorian Women in Society and the Novel. New York: Schocken, 1974.    Lerner, Laurence. The Victorians. New York: Homes and Meier, 1978.    Vicinus, Martha. Introduction.The Perfect Victorian Lady. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1972. Vii - xv.         Ã‚  

The Importance Of Motivation In The Language Classroom Education Essay

Motivation is one of the biggest thrusts of larning a 2nd linguistic communication and it is a cardinal portion of what a instructor faces every twenty-four hours. The English course of study for primary and secondary school clearly states that it is a instructor ‘s duty to heighten and excite each and every pupil ‘s will to larn and to turn. ‘Being able to promote pupils and derive support from co-workers and parents is an built-in portion of the function of MFL instructors. ‘ ( Teaching Agency, 2012 ) The MFL topic has n't played such an of import function in the National Curriculum in the yesteryear that might be due that taking a linguistic communication as a GCSE topic is and was non mandatory. What is the EBC? ‘The EBacc was introduced as a public presentation step in the 2010 public presentation tabular arraies. The step recognises where students have secured a ‘C ‘ class or better in GCSEs or accredited international GCSEs ( iGCSEs ) across a nucleus of topics – English, mathematics, two scientific disciplines, history or geographics and a linguistic communication ( including Modern Foreign Languages ( MFL ) or ancient linguistic communications ) . ‘ ( Sam Clemens, 2011 ) However, surveies found that with the debut of the new English Baccalaureate Certificates ( EBCs ) pupils ‘ motive to larn a linguistic communication could alter. It seems to me that at the students do non see the intent for larning a linguistic communication as the general premise is â€Å" every one speaks English † ‘For many in the UK, English is their first and lone linguistic communication. On evidences of functionality, why would they desire to acquire their caputs around the grammar, vocabulary and literature of aliens? They comfort themselves with the belief that â€Å" everyone speaks English † – when that ‘s non true of 75 % of the universe ‘s population. ‘ ( The Observer, Sunday 26 June 2011 ) This paper will research motive in the secondary school category room with the focal point specifically on larning a 2nd linguistic communication, L2. First I will research what is meant by Motivation, I believe it is utterly of import that the reader understand what is meant with the term motive as this term is examined throughout this research paper. The 2nd portion of the essay will analyse motivational factors and motivational jobs. It will look at what motivates human existences and what does non actuate them. This is valuable as it is portion of a instructor ‘s tool box if he/she wants to act upon their pupils ‘ motive. In decision this essay will look at motivational schemes a instructor can use to act upon pupils ‘ motive.What is meant with the term Motivation?To reply the inquiry of what is motive 1 has to detect that the squad is really various. The Latin verb â€Å" motivus † , a signifier of movere which means to travel and as a consequence is rel ated to the importance of motive. Generally Motivation is described as end orientated behavior. A definition of the word motive might be â€Å" factors within a human being or other animate being that arouse and direct goal-oriented behavior † ( britannica.com, Motivation ) . Gardner and Masgoret put forward that Motivation refers to ‘goal-directed behavior ( californium, Heckhausen, 1991 ) , and when one is trying to mensurate motive, attending, can be directed toward a Numberss of characteristics of the person. ‘ ( Gardner and Masgoret, 2003 ) A broad scope of literature has been written on that subject and there are many different thoughts out at that place on what Motivates people and pupils ‘ . Every homo being has different committedness demands. Those need differ from single to single as everybody has their single desires to actuate themselves. Depending on how motivated we are, it can find the attempt we put into our work and hence increase the criterion of the productiveness. Motivation has been contemplated as one of the most of import constituents lending to linguistic communication larning success. Research over the last decennaries has over and over once more underlined the of import place of motive in successful linguistic communication acquisition. ( Gardner & A ; Lambert, Deci and Ryan, Ushioda, Dornyei ) . Two of the taking theories covering with 2nd linguistic communication acquisition were proposed by Stephen Krashen and J.H. Schumann. Krashen ‘s thought was that linguistic communication acquisition is a subconscious and natural procedure during which the scholar improves with real-life pattern. â€Å" Grammar-translation violates about every constituent of the Input Hypothesis, and it is hence predicted that this method will hold the consequence of seting the pupil â€Å" on the defensive † ( Stephen D Krashen, P 129, 1982 ) While Schumann ‘s socialization theoretical account high spots an integration of the scholars ‘ mark linguistic communication, civilization and community. Harmonizing to Schumann the scholar regards the TL talkers as a mention group whose life manner and values he consciously or unconsciously desires to follow. ( Schumann, P 340, 1986 ) Both theories can be applied in the schoolroom for a positive consequence.What does Motivation intend for the linguistic communication schoolroom?I believe it is highly of import to understand how motive works in the schoolroom. There are endless processs instructors use to carry through coveted effects from their pupils, but there are overall forms these motivational tools follow. In ordination for instructors to convey with their pupils, they must place with their demands on an idiosyncratic footing. This purpose is matching to Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs, which states basic demands must be met to obtain rich motive. These demands, in go uping order, are as follows: Physiological Needs, Safety and Security Needs, Love and Belongingness Needs, Self-Worth and Self-Esteem Needs, the Need to Know and Understand, Aesthetic Needs, the Need for Self-Actualization ( D. Martin and K. Joomis, Constructing Teachers: A Constructivist Approach to Introducing Education, pp. 72-75.1997 ) . The most of import point about Maslow theory is for pupils to hold a educational end and that acquisition is taking topographic point. Another of import factor is to do this freshly gained cognition and information purposeful every bit good as meaningful to pupils so that it may be retained. Besides pupils should see the intent for retaining the cognition and how they could utilize it throughout their lives. An indispensable factor involved in run intoing these ends is motive. If the pupils are unmotivated in one manner or another, it is likely that barely any acquisition will take topographic point or it is really likely that cognition will non be retained. This theory had a great impact on educational constructions. In his ulterior old ages, Maslow realised that an environmental stipulation of stimulation, or challenge, was needed to actuate persons. Maslow ‘s first demand of physiological satisfactoriness is really basic. This inquiry merely asks if pupils are in a comfy and safe environing for their acquisition. In apparent English, are pupils hungry, excessively cold, excessively hot and is the environment exciting to larn in? If a pupil ‘s physical surrounding does non fit decently with the pupil ‘s demand, he/she will non be encouraged to larn or to make any higher demand. Similarly, if pupils do non experience safe ( via the 2nd demand, security ) , they will non be able to concentrate larning something. Consistent outlooks and the accepting and non-judgmental attitude of the instructors can besides bring forth pupils who feel secured and confident in their instructors. On the juncture that a pupil feels threatened by another pupil or by the instructor, he/she may non come on every bit good as hoped. Furthermore in many instances, he/she reverts from the instruction instead than reacting to it. In order to decrease feelings of menace, a instructor can attest feelings of protection and love, which is the 3rd hierarchical demand. The demand for the sense of love and belonging in pupils are of import either in the teacher-student relationships or in the student-student relationships. A instructor ‘s personality should be empathic, considerate and interested in the persons, patient, carnival, holding positive attitude and being good hearer. Teachers who have these features will supply the pupils with more assurance and accordingly students will be able to larn and better better in their surveies. With respect to the pupil to student relationships instructors should promote peer tutoring or category meetings. By holding good relationships with instructors and equals, pupils will hold fulfilled their demand to belong, and besides have the feeling of being cared and loved. In Maslow ‘s 4th demand, respect, a instructor must be careful non to overload on both unfavorable judgment and congratulations. Students must experience as if they deserve congratulations in order for them to absorb difficult work with congratulations. Teachers besides should non bury that unfavorable judgment, even when applied right, can damage students ‘ feelings and can make a deficiency of motive. Students must experience the demand of self-respect and to be respected by the others. Teachers should get down develop new cognition based on the background cognition, they besides have to assist to guarantee success ( scaffolding ) and to gait instructions to suit single demands. Teachers should besides concentrate on the person ‘s strengths and assets when be aftering lessons and transporting them out. To fulfill the following demand of understanding and cognition, the instructors should let the pupils ‘ clip to research countries of wonder and to supply lessons that are intellectually disputing. By utilizing the find attack subjects, the pupils can larn to be independent and larn from assorted angles. By acquiring involved intellectually, the pupils can fulfill their demand to carry through their demand to research, discover and work out new things. Teachers must besides be careful to asseverate authorization ; nevertheless, they must besides esteem pupils for their attempts. The demand for aesthetic is besides really of import for the pupils. By forming schoolroom stuffs in a neat and appealing manner, the pupils will be attracted to larn about the things related to the stuffs. Pleasing, good maintained and fresh smelling schoolrooms with attractive wall hangings can make stableness in the pupils who will experience comfy to analyze in such surrounding. The highest demand in the Maslow ‘s hierarchy of demands is the demand for self realization. Teachers anticipating the pupils to make their best will force the pupils to use their ain potency and at the same clip to fulfill their ain demand of self fulfillment. By giving the pupils freedom to research and detect on their ain, the instructors are able to do larning more meaningful for the pupils A pupil who fails to accomplish any of the old four demands may non be motivated to go on in the academic scene because of the intensions of defeat and misgivings in the instruction system. While Maslow ‘s hierarchy makes sense from a sociology point of position, there are defects in his theory. When Maslow undertook his research he did n't take 3rd universe states in consideration. There frequently safety is non given or their might non even experience comfy with in their environment, nevertheless, acquisition is still taking topographic point, as pupils are motivated by other factors. Thus might be hope of a better life, being cognizant that geting a 2nd linguistic communication will let them to go forth their milieus one twenty-four hours. Even in the UK as informant and my first school arrangement the first basic demand of Physiological Need was non fulfilled. Their some pupils came to school without holding had breakfast in the forenoon. The environment they had to larn in was non in my point of you educational exciting as Windowss could be closed or opened. Therefore, frequently pupils were to hot or excessively cold. However and this is of import to indicate out larning took topographic point. Therefore, the inquiry arouses why is that so if the first demand was n't f ulfilled why did n't pupils make a higher degree anyhow? As mentioned before a broad scope of literature has been written on Motivation and there are many different thoughts out at that place on what Motivates pupils ‘ . Every pupil has different demands. Those need differ from single to single as everybody has their single desires to actuate themselves. Gardner and Lambert ( 1959, 1972 ) have done radical work to look at the nature of motive specifically to linguistic communication surveies. Gardner high spots in a paper from 2007 ‘that Motivation to larn a 2nd linguistic communication is non a simple concept. It can non be measured by one graduated table ; possibly the whole scope of motive can non be assessed by even three or four graduated tables. It decidedly can non be assessed by simply inquiring persons to give grounds for why they think larning a linguistic communication is of import to them. ‘ ( Gardner, 2007 ) In 1982 Gardner and Lambert ( 1972:3 ) defined two different types of motive: 1 ) A Instrumental motive: the desire to larn a linguistic communication because it would carry through certain useful ends, such as acquiring aA occupation, go throughing an scrutiny, etc. 2 ) A Integrative motive: Gardner ‘s position is based on that the ‘ integratively motivated pupil is one who is motivated to larn the 2nd linguistic communication, has an openness to designation with the other linguistic communication community, and has a favourable attitude towards the acquisition state of affairs. ‘ ( Gardner and Masgoret, 2003 ) Differentiations have been made in the literature between ‘integrative † and ‘instrumental ‘ motive. However, Penny suggests ( 2005:276 ) that, research since so has cast uncertainty on the application of this claim to foreign linguistic communication scholars in general.A In any instance, at least one other survey has indicated that it may be impossible in pattern to separate between the two. An alternate differentiation, perchance more utile for instructors, is that between ‘intrinsic ‘ motive ( the impulse to prosecute in the acquisition activity for its ain interest ) and ‘extrinsic ‘ ( motive that is derived from external inducements ) . A Human existences in general are so different from each other. This does n't merely use to people but to pupils besides. Different pupils get motivated by different factors, therefore might be motivated per se or extrinsically. Up to a certain age pupils tend to acquire motivated by the possibility of having a dainty. Those dainty could be in the signifier of Sweets or more often used as witnessed by myself merit spines. When I was a kid within the German instruction system we would have small casts in the signifier of bees in the dorsum of our prep journal. We besides received classs from the first twelvemonth ahead. This besides was extremely actuating. Even so it merely extrinsically motivated us as pupils until we saw the intent of acquisition and our motive changed into intrinsic motive. We both types of motive I can see flaws. What happens if no wages system is introduces with in the schoolroom environment through classs, Sweets or virtues spines will larn still take topographic point? And on the other manus how do you actuate a kid to prosecute in larning for its ain interest? Captured within extrinsic and intrinsic motive are the thoughts of positive and negative support. These incentives are normally used in schoolrooms in order to arouse a desire to accomplish in pupils. Positive support is a manner of adding a enjoyable experience to a pupils head in order to prosecute that student. Praise is a common signifier of this ; a instructor who decently utilizes congratulations commends the student for his or her peculiar piece of work, non personal qualities that make the work particular. However, a instructor must be every bit sensitive to different civilizations as to the bulk civilization. Hitz and Driscoll ( 1989 ) point out that pupils from different socioeconomic categories, ability degrees, and genders may non react in the same manner to praise and may do pupils experience less worthy if they do non invariably receive congratulations. Self-government Theory Deci and Ryan ( 1985 ) introduced self-government theory and claimed that motive has three orientations viz. amotivation, extrinsic, and intrinsic. Amotivation takes topographic point when pupils do non value the activity that they are making, do non experience competent, and do non believe that the activity will profit them or take to a desired result ( Deci & A ; Ryan, 2000 ) . Extrinsic and intrinsic orientations are distinguished by whether the wages received is external such as having good classs or avoiding penalty, or internal, such as enjoyment and satisfaction in making a certain activity ( Dornyei, 1994 ) . When pupils are motivated because of a wages or effects that they will have for making or non making an activity, they are said to be extrinsically motivated. Deci and Ryan ( 2000 ) put extrinsic motive into four ordinances harmonizing to their degree of orientation toward self-government. External ordinance is the least self-determined extrinsic motive. Students who are externally regulated are those who do an activity due to an external wages or other considerations. The following degree is introjected ordinance. Students in this degree of extrinsic motive do non bask making an activity but they have a system of wages and penalty that is internally governed. The 3rd degree is identified ordinance where pupils are more self-determined. Students in this degree are engaged in an activity because they perceived that the activity is valuable to them. Finally, the most self-determined of extrinsic motive is integrated ordinance. This ordinance is performed by pupils who do non merely make the activity because the societal value says it is of value to them, but they do it because they themselves value the activity. This orientation resembles Do rnyeiaˆYs ideal ego ( 2005 ) in that all the properties that one would wish to possess can work as a really powerful incentive. It is besides really similar to intrinsic motive, yet at this phase pupils do non needfully bask making the undertakings. In some state of affairss, nevertheless, congratulations is non appropriate to supervise and modify pupils? behaviors. In general, behavior and attitude are highly of import aspects in the kingdom of motive, and instructors must be cognizant of agencies to halt behavior that is harmful to his, or other pupils larning. In some instances, the usage of negative support is appropriate. The construct of negative support is hard to learn and larn because the word negative confuses the significance, but the construct refers to beef up [ ing ] a behavior because a negative status is stopped or avoided as a effect of the behaviour. ? ( Levine, 1999 ) . In the schoolroom, this would be warning a pupil to halt a riotous behavior, such as researching inappropriate web sites on the Internet. Rather than utilize a wages to corrupt pupils to remain on undertaking, instructors can take away a positive force to take away the negative action. Many pupils are motivated by the chance of delighting the instructor, hence avoiding negative support, which can be abashing to a pupil. These general forms of motive are utile in the schoolroom, but instructors must besides be cognizant of a altering society in order to provide to pupils demands. In today ‘s universe where 10 twelvemonth olds can easy pull strings through the cyberspace, instructors must he trained in ways to use engineering in a schoolroom scene Autonomy Ushioda ( 2001 ) claimed that liberty is the demand to experience volitional. It is the province in which pupils perceive themselves as holding some picks in making a certain undertaking including a pick non to make the undertaking. Autonomy is one of the metacognitive elements that are needed in motivational behavior when acquisition. It is an attitude towards larning where pupils are responsible for their ain acquisition. It has been closely tied with the fulfillment of one ‘s demands that creates intrinsic motive ( Deci & A ; Ryan, 1985 ) . Dickinson ( 1995 ) argued that it leads to a better and more effectual accomplishment. Dornyei and Csizer ( 1998 ) listed advancing studentsaˆY liberty as one of the Ten Commandment that instructors have to maintain in head in heightening studentsaˆY motive. Motivational Schemes Last, Dornyei and Csizer ( 1998:215 ) performed an extended study where they investigated how 200 Magyar instructors of English worked with actuating their pupils during category. They came up with 10 of the most used schemes and these can be seen as a concise overview of what has antecedently been presented: 1. â€Å" Set a personal illustration with your ain behavior † . If the instructor acts as he/she would desire the pupils to move, the opportunities are greater that they really will so by demoing that the topic is merriment, interesting and of import this attitude might be transmitted to the pupils. 2. â€Å" Create a pleasant, relaxed atmosphere in the schoolroom † . If the ambiance is pleasant, the pupils are more likely to hold the bravery to show themselves in a 2nd linguistic communication, something which can frequently experience intimidating for many. 3. â€Å" Present the undertakings decently † If the undertakings are presented decently the pupils are less likely to happen content and assignments to be confounding and thereby lose motive to work because they do non understand what to make. 4. â€Å" Develop a good relationship with the scholars † . If the instructor has a good relationship with the pupils, they are more likely to experience comfy and unafraid during category. This will so increase the opportunities of the pupils experiencing motivated to larn the topic. 5. â€Å" Increase the scholars ‘ lingual assurance † . If the pupils ‘ assurance is increased, they are more likely to experience it is deserving their while to analyze and larn. Without assurance, the pupils tend to believe that it does non count whether they study or non, they will non win in the terminal anyhow. 6. â€Å" Make the linguistic communication classes interesting † . If the content of the English categories are perceived as interesting by the pupils, they are more likely to desire to larn it. 7. â€Å" Promote scholar liberty † . If the pupils learn how to work by themselves during category and to win after holding taken charge of an assignment themselves, this might do them see that they accomplished this by themselves and thereby actuate them to go on acquisition. 8. â€Å" Personalize the acquisition procedure † . If the acquisition procedure is personalized, which in this instance refers to the utilizing of relevant stuff and the integrating of the pupils ‘ ain personalities in the content of the topic, the pupils are more likely to encompass what is to be learned. 9. â€Å" Increase the scholars ‘ goal-orientedness † . If the instructor helps the pupils to put ends for themselves of what they want to carry through and larn, it becomes easier for the pupils to concretize how they need to travel about it in order to make the end. This manner, a end does non resemble an unsurmountable obstruction which might interfere with the pupils ‘ motive to larn an L2. 10. â€Å" Familiarize scholars with the mark linguistic communication civilization † . If the pupils know about the English states and their civilizations, the pupils ‘ attitudes towards the linguistic communication might better and thereby rendering the linguistic communication more interesting and actuating to larn.

Rammed Earth Essay

Despite Rammed Earths extensive use throughout history, its use is still not so popular within the UK. Reason for this is largely due to architects/ Builders not knowing enough about the material and sticking to the familiar concrete, timber and brick ways that they know, rammed earth can often also be perceived as having cruder finishing and not in keeping with the clean-sharp lined finished which are so often preferred in today’s architecture- Though with the appropriate shuttering clean finishes can be achieved. Building with rammed earth is considered to carry greater risk and uncertainty, the material is yes, more suited to arid climates, but even in arid climates modern method of construction using rammed earth are being continually tried and tested e. g. in Australia. Rammed earth is a perfectly viable and good material to be used within the UK – there is a need to get past the reluctance to use and experiment with it more here – the climate presents a challenge which can be won in innovative ways. [pic] The Use of Rammed Earth within the UK

Using Steal or Steel, Commonly Confused Words

Using Steal or Steel, Commonly Confused Words The words steal and steel are  homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions The verb steal means to take someone elses property without right or permission. Steal also means  to come or go secretly, without being noticed. As both a noun and an adjective, steel refers to a hard alloy of iron and carbon. Used figuratively, steel means hard, strong, and tough. As a verb, steel means to strengthen. Examples The number one rule of thieves is that nothing is too small to steal.(Jimmy Breslin)He was too shiftless to go out  and look for another job; he didnt have the initiative to steal, and after she had told him three or four times to do a thing, he did it; but he never told her about a sick cow until it was too late to call the veterinarian, and if her barn had caught on fire he would have called his wife to see the flames before he began to put them out.(Flannery OConnor, Greenleaf. The Kenyon Review, 1957)As I lay on my bed for hours, watching darkness  steal into the  room, I let my thoughts wander uninterrupted: the days ahead, places I had traveled, people I had known.(Susan Allen Toth,  Leaning Into the Wind: A Memoir of Midwest Weather. University of Minnesota Press, 2003)Blues singer Brownie McGhee played with a steel pick on a steel guitar.His hair fell down in black curls, and my head was covered with black steel wool.(May Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. R andom House, 1969) Curling his hands into fists, Luca tried to  steel himself  for a fight, but already he knew it was pointless. Rifle or not, Stang was a giant of a man and Luca wouldnt stand a chance in a fistfight.(Patrick Woodhead, Beneath the Ice. Random House, 2015) Idiom Alerts The expression steal away means to move quietly and secretly.The prime minister of Bayern, the kingdom on the other side of the mountains, had been visiting at the time, and all wary-eyed parties were so busy entertaining road-weary dignitaries that Ani had been able to  steal away to  the stables a few times to bring to pass a childhood wish.(Shannon Hale, The Goose Girl.  Bloomsbury, 2003)The expressions  steal the show  and  steal the spotlight  both mean to be the center of attention at an event.People in Hollywood always said, Never act with kids or animals. Theyre impossible to work with, and then they look so cute onscreen that they  steal the show.(Arnold Schwarzenegger, Total Recall. Simon Schuster, 2012) Practice Exercises (a) The gym was hung with orange and black crepe paper in honor of Halloween, and the pennants of all the competing schools were fastened to the walls, and a twelve-piece band pumped away blissfully on the years sad tunes - Heartaches, Near You, Thats My Desire. A great cloud of balloons gathered in the _____ girders was released. There was pink punch, and a local girl sang.(John Updike, Flight.  The Early Stories: 1953-1975. Alfred A. Knopf, 2003) (b) She liked to drag her fingers along the chain-link fences we passed, and to stop at Maverick Market to buy Diet Cokes and _____ candy bars. I waited outside, worrying shed get caught.(Bret Anthony Johnston, Soldier of Fortune. Glimmer Train, Winter 2011) Answers to Practice Exercises (a) The gym was hung with orange and black crepe paper in honor of Halloween, and the pennants of all the competing schools were fastened to the walls, and a twelve-piece band pumped away blissfully on the years sad tunes - Heartaches, Near You, Thats My Desire. A great cloud of balloons gathered in the steel girders was released. There was pink punch, and a local girl sang.(John Updike, Flight.  The Early Stories: 1953-1975. Alfred A. Knopf, 2003) (b) She liked to drag her fingers along the chain-link fences we passed, and to stop at Maverick Market to buy Diet Cokes and steal  candy  bars. I waited outside, worrying shed get caught.(Bret Anthony Johnston, Soldier of Fortune.  Glimmer Train, Winter 2011)

Last Minute SAT Prep Programs

Last Minute SAT Prep Programs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Only have a couple days left before the SAT? There’s still time to improve your scores!A few hours of focused prep can make a big difference in your test performance, especially if you have obvious mistakes that you haven't noticed. Here are some guidelines that will help you design a last minute SAT study plan that works for you. I'll also give you a bunch of last minute SAT tips to raise your score. Time-Based Study Plans First, figure out how much time you can afford to devote to SAT prep in the short time you have before the test.Don’t forget to factor in other commitments and make sure you’re getting enough sleep so you can take full advantage of your review. The 5 Hour Plan If you have five hours to study and you haven’t studied at all before now, you should use your time to take an SAT practice test. This will help you get more comfortable with the format of the test and the types of questions to expect.You can improve your scores slightly just by taking a practice test! If you have already taken a few practice tests and don’t think it will be as helpful for you to take another one, use your five hours to take a closer look at missed questions.Focus on where you tend to make the most mistakes, and try to understand why they're happening.See the 15 hour plan below and this article to learn more about how to review your mistakes. You should also think about how much time you’re spending per question.For Math, it should be no more than a minute. For CriticalReading and Writing, it should be no more than 30-45 seconds. Familiarize yourself with how it feels to spend this much time on a question so you will know how to structure your time on the test. If you find yourself spending a longer amount of time on a question, you should skip it and move on to the next one so you will get to every question in the section and not miss easy points later! The 15 Hour Plan With this much time, there is potential for a substantial improvement in your scores. Let's break it down hour by hour. Hours 0-5: Take a Practice Test If you haven’t studied yet, this will help you get an idea of your weak spots and where you should focus the rest of your time.Be sure to take the test with realistic time constraints so that you can diagnose the problems you’re having accurately (often the main issue students have on the SAT is time). Hours 5-10: Review Your Mistakes For each question you answer incorrectly, make sure you know why your choice was incorrect and how to arrive at the correct answer. Also keep track of the questions where you had to guess. Even if you got some of them right, you still want to review anything that you didn't quite understand on the test. Usually mistakes fall into four categories: 1. Not Enough Time: You didn’t get to the question Study Strategy: Practice doing questions within the time constraints for the test so you get used to moving faster. Learn how to effectively skim reading passages, and make sure you know when to skip questions. Remember, you get a minute for math questions and 30-45 seconds for reading and writing questions. 2. Question Comprehension: You didn’t understand what the question was asking or got tricked by it Study Strategy: Slow down and read the questions more carefully! Sometimes it helps to write down the question in simpler form before answering. It also can't hurt to practice similar questions so your familiarity with the format will prevent confusion. 3. Unknown Material: You didn’t know the material covered in the question Study Strategy:Find a source for lesson material on the topic you don’t understand, and practice more questions that are similar.This is an area where a program like PrepScholar could really help you because it targets your weak content areas. 4. Careless Mistake: Your brain tapped out for a sec Study Strategy: Why did you make the mistake? Time pressure? Read the question too fast and missed an â€Å"except† or other critical word?Work on your time management so you can leave yourself a few minutes at the end of a section to go over your answers. On the flip side,be sure that you’re not going through questions faster than you should and making these mistakes as a result. Hours 10-15: Get Specific This is when you can really focus on the section or sections where you are making the most mistakes.Practice questions for that section and review any material that is unfamiliar to you. If you really want to make the most of your study time, you might consider signing up for PrepScholar.We’ve shown a 100 point improvement for 15 hours using our prep program. This is because we help you accurately determine your strengths and weaknesses across all sections of the test and will tailor your prep time to your needs so you get the most out of it. If you sign up now, you can also use PrepScholar to prepare for the next time you take the SAT. The faceless spectre of time will never tire from pursuing us all, especially on the SAT. General Tips for Last Minute Studying Here are a couple of additional pointers to help you get the most out of your last minute study time. Take a look at this article for even more tips. Spend more of your last minute study time on analyzing your mistakes than on practice testing You’re going to see the biggest difference in your scores if you take the time to understand your mistakes.As I mentioned earlier, you should be able to explain why your answer was incorrect as well as the rationale behind the correct answer. That way when you come across a similar question later, you'll know exactly how to answer it! Know the facts Take a look at these formulas you should know for the SAT.Also familiarize yourself with grammar rules for the writing section so you can feel more confident about your answers. You don't want to run into any big surprises on the test. Be time-conscious If you have a tendency to fall victim to time pressure, practice doing questions with the same time constraints you would have on the test.This will help you get used to the pacing and prevent you from accidentally lingering for too long on a question you should have skipped initially. Plan your essay Don’t go into the SAT essay without anything prepared!Come up with some versatile concrete examples that you will be able to use in your argument. Looking Ahead If you think you’ll take the SAT again, try not to procrastinate as much on studying for the next test date.Short cram sessions aren’t going to cut it if you’re looking to boost your score a few hundred points or more.It can take over a hundred hours of studying to achieve really big score improvements.See these estimates for score improvements vs. study time: 0-50 SAT Composite Point Improvement: 10 hours50-100 Point Improvement: 20 hours100-200 Point Improvement: 40 hours200-300 Point Improvement: 80 hours300-500 Point Improvement: 150 hours+ Figure out your target SAT score based on which schools you plan to apply to, and then decide how you’re going to get there. Also check out these study plans for ideas on how to structure your studying over a longer period of time.Remember, last minute studying can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be your only prep method! In conclusion... What's Next? If you're still looking for more last minute SAT tips, head on over to this article. It will give you some test-taking strategies and advice for how to prepare on the day of the test. For additional last minute SAT prep, you should consider reading these guides. Here's a link to eight SAT practice teststo kickstart your studying! Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: